Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is one of the most enchanting
national parks located in the Western Ghats of India. This park is situated in
the Idukki district of Kerala and spans an area of 97 square kilometers. The
park is renowned for its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes. Eravikulam
National Park is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including some
rare and endangered species. The park is an ideal destination for nature
lovers, wildlife enthusiasts, and adventure seekers.
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| Eravikulam National Park |
- Eravikulam National Park is home to over 100 species of animals,
including the Nilgiri Tahr, which is endemic to the Western Ghats. - The park has a significant population of birds, including
the endemics like the Nilgiri Wood Pigeon and the White-bellied Shortwing. - The park is home to the highest peak in South India, the
Anamudi Peak, which stands at an elevation of 2,695 meters. - The park is home to the rare Neelakurinji flower, which
blooms once every 12 years. - The park is located at an altitude ranging from 1,600 meters
to 2,695 meters.
Location and History of Eravikulam National Park
Geographical Location
Eravikulam National Park is located in the Idukki district
of the Indian state of Kerala. It is situated in the Western Ghats, which is
one of the eight “hottest hotspots” of biological diversity in the
world. The park is spread over an area of 97 square kilometers and is at an
altitude ranging from 1,600 meters to 2,695 meters. The park is located near
the border of Tamil Nadu and is easily accessible from both Kerala and Tamil
Nadu.
The park is situated in the high range region of the Western
Ghats and is known for its unique ecological and geographical features. The
park is home to several rivers and streams, including the Periyar, the
Chalakudy, and the Cauvery, which originate from the mountains of the Western
Ghats. The park’s terrain is marked by rolling hills, rocky outcrops, and
grassy meadows. The park’s landscape is dominated by shola forests, which are
unique to the Western Ghats.
Eravikulam National Park’s geographical location has a
significant influence on its climate. The park experiences a moderate climate
throughout the year, with average temperatures ranging from 4°C to 20°C. The
park receives an average annual rainfall of 3500 mm, which is influenced by the
southwest monsoon. The park experiences two distinct seasons – the monsoon
season from June to September and the winter season from October to January.
The park’s climate and geography provide a suitable habitat for a wide variety
of flora and fauna.
Eravikulam National Park’s location in the Western Ghats
makes it a unique and fascinating destination. Its geographical features,
including rolling hills, grassy meadows, and shola forests, along with its
moderate climate and ample rainfall, make it an ideal habitat for a diverse
range of flora and fauna. The park’s location near the border of Kerala and
Tamil Nadu makes it easily accessible for visitors from both states.
Historical Significance
Eravikulam National Park has a rich historical significance
that dates back to the colonial era. During the British rule in India, the
park’s grassy meadows and shola forests were used as hunting grounds for the
colonial elites. The park’s meadows were known for their abundance of Nilgiri
Tahrs, which were hunted for sport and food.
In the early 20th century, a British hunter and
conservationist named E.P. Gee recognized the ecological importance of the
park’s shola forests and campaigned for their protection. His efforts led to
the establishment of the Eravikulam Game Sanctuary in 1950, which later became
Eravikulam National Park in 1978.
Since its establishment, the park has undergone several
transformations, including the relocation of several local communities that
were living within the park’s boundaries. The relocation was done to protect
the park’s flora and fauna and to maintain the park’s ecological balance.
Today, Eravikulam National Park is an important landmark in
Kerala’s conservation efforts. The park’s rich biodiversity, including several
endemic species like the Nilgiri Tahr and the Neelakurinji flower, makes it a
critical area for conservation. The park also provides several employment
opportunities for the local communities through tourism, eco-restoration, and
forest management activities.
Eravikulam National Park’s historical significance
highlights the importance of conservation efforts. The park’s transformation
from a hunting ground to a protected area for flora and fauna is a testament to
the conservation efforts of individuals like E.P. Gee. Today, the park’s
ecological significance makes it an important destination for nature lovers,
wildlife enthusiasts, and those interested in the history of conservation
efforts in India.
Flora and Fauna of Eravikulam National Park
Flora
Eravikulam National Park is a unique and diverse ecosystem
that is home to several rare and endemic species of flora. The park’s location
in the Western Ghats and its elevation range of 1,600 meters to 2,695 meters,
has led to the development of a rich variety of vegetation.
The park’s vegetation can be broadly classified into two categories
– grasslands and shola forests. The grasslands occupy about a third of the
park’s area and are home to several species of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. The
grasslands are dominated by the Nilgiri Tahr, which grazes on the grasses.
The shola forests of Eravikulam National Park are a unique
feature of the Western Ghats. Shola forests are montane evergreen forests that
are unique to the Western Ghats. These forests are characterized by their
short-statured trees, dense undergrowth, and moss-covered rocks. The shola
forests of the park are home to several species of trees, including
Rhododendron arboreum, Vernonia cinerea, and Cinnamomum malabatrum. The shola
forests are also home to several species of orchids and ferns.
One of the most unique features of the park’s flora is the
Neelakurinji flower. The Neelakurinji is a shrub that blooms only once in
twelve years. The flowers blooming cycle has become a tourist attraction and
draws several visitors to the park during its blooming season.
In conclusion, Eravikulam National Park’s flora is a unique
and diverse ecosystem that is home to several rare and endemic species. The
park’s grasslands and shola forests are a testament to the Western Ghats’
ecological importance. The park’s unique features, such as the Neelakurinji
flower, make it an important destination for nature enthusiasts and
photographers.
Fauna
Eravikulam National Park is a wildlife enthusiast’s dream
destination. The park is home to several species of animals, including some
rare and endemic ones. The park’s location in the Western Ghats and its diverse
vegetation make it an ideal habitat for a wide range of animals.
The most iconic animal of Eravikulam National Park is the
Nilgiri Tahr. These mountain goats are endemic to the Western Ghats and are
found only in a few locations in South India. The park is home to the largest
population of Nilgiri Tahr in the world, making it a critical area for their
conservation.
Apart from the Nilgiri Tahr, the park is also home to
several other mammal species. The park is home to species like Indian Muntjac,
Sambar Deer, Wild Boar, Indian Porcupine, and Dhole. The park’s shola forests
are also home to several species of primates, including the Nilgiri Langur and
the Bonnet Macaque.
The park is also a birdwatcher’s paradise. The park’s
diverse vegetation and elevation range have led to the development of several
microhabitats, which have become ideal habitats for several bird species. The
park is home to several species of birds, including the Black-and-orange
Flycatcher, Nilgiri Pipit, and the Nilgiri Wood Pigeon.
Eravikulam National Park’s fauna is a unique and diverse
ecosystem that is home to several species of rare and endemic animals. The
park’s location and diverse vegetation have made it an ideal habitat for
several species of mammals and birds. A visit to the park is an opportunity to
witness the beauty and diversity of South India’s wildlife.
Major Attractions of Eravikulam National Park
Rajamalai
Rajamalai is a picturesque hill station located within the
Eravikulam National Park. The hill station is known for its scenic beauty and
its proximity to the park’s unique flora and fauna. A visit to Rajamalai is a
must for those visiting the Eravikulam National Park.
The hill station is located at an elevation of 2,695 meters,
and it offers stunning views of the surrounding valleys and hills. The hill
station is surrounded by shola forests, and a trek through the forests is a
popular activity for visitors. The trek through the shola forests is an
opportunity to witness the unique vegetation and the park’s rare and endemic
animals.
One of the highlights of a visit to Rajamalai is the
Neelakurinji bloom. The Neelakurinji is a shrub that blooms only once in twelve
years, and the next blooming season is expected in 2030. The hill station’s
location makes it an ideal destination for witnessing the bloom, and several
visitors flock to the hill station during the blooming season.
Apart from the Neelakurinji bloom, Rajamalai is also home to
several tea and spice plantations. The plantations are a testament to the
region’s agrarian economy and offer visitors an opportunity to witness the
cultivation of tea and spices.
In conclusion, Rajamalai is a picturesque hill station located
within the Eravikulam National Park. The hill station offers stunning views of
the surrounding valleys and hills and is a popular destination for witnessing
the Neelakurinji bloom. A visit to Rajamalai is an opportunity to witness the
unique flora and fauna of the Eravikulam National Park and to experience the
region’s agrarian economy.
Neelakurinji
The Eravikulam National Park is famous for the Neelakurinji,
a rare shrub that blooms once in twelve years. The plant’s unique blooming
cycle has made it a popular attraction for tourists and nature enthusiasts. The
next blooming season is expected in 2030, and visitors from all over the world
are expected to flock to the park during the season.
The Neelakurinji is a shrub that grows in the shola forests
of the Western Ghats. The plant’s scientific name is Strobilanthes kunthiana,
and it blooms in shades of blue, purple, and lavender. The plant’s blooming
cycle is linked to the monsoons, and it blooms only once in twelve years. The
blooming season is an important event for the region’s agrarian economy and is
celebrated by the local communities.
Apart from its unique blooming cycle, the Neelakurinji is
also important for the region’s biodiversity. The plant’s habitat, the shola
forests, is a critical ecosystem for several rare and endemic species of flora
and fauna. The blooming of the Neelakurinji is an opportunity for visitors to
witness the unique vegetation and wildlife of the region.
In conclusion, the Neelakurinji is a rare and beautiful
shrub that blooms only once in twelve years. The plant’s blooming cycle has
made it a popular attraction for tourists and nature enthusiasts. The plant’s
habitat, the shola forests, is a critical ecosystem for several rare and
endemic species of flora and fauna. A visit to the Eravikulam National Park
during the Neelakurinji blooming season is an opportunity to witness the
region’s unique biodiversity and to experience the local culture.
Anamudi Peak
The Eravikulam National Park is home to the Anamudi Peak,
the highest peak in South India, with an elevation of 2,695 meters (8,842
feet). The peak is an important attraction for tourists and trekkers and offers
stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The Anamudi Peak is also an
important site for research and conservation.
The Anamudi Peak is located in the southern part of the
Western Ghats, and its slopes are covered with evergreen forests and
grasslands. The peak is an important habitat for several endemic species of
flora and fauna, including the Nilgiri tahr, the grizzled giant squirrel, and
the Nilgiri wood pigeon. The peak and its surroundings are also home to several
rare and threatened species of plants and animals.
The Anamudi Peak is a popular destination for trekkers and
adventure enthusiasts. The trek to the peak is challenging, and it requires a
high level of physical fitness and experience. The trek takes visitors through
dense forests, grasslands, and rocky terrain. The peak offers stunning views of
the surrounding landscape, including the tea estates and the plains below.
The Anamudi Peak is also an important site for research and
conservation. The peak and its surrounding forests are critical ecosystems for
several endemic species of flora and fauna. The park authorities and several
conservation organizations are working to protect the park’s biodiversity and
to ensure the sustainable development of the region.
In conclusion, the Anamudi Peak is an important attraction
in the Eravikulam National Park. The peak is the highest peak in South India
and offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The peak and its
surroundings are also critical ecosystems for several endemic species of flora
and fauna. A trek to the peak is a challenging but rewarding experience and is
an opportunity to witness the unique biodiversity of the region.
Best Time to Visit Eravikulam National Park
Seasonal Variations
The Eravikulam National Park, located in the southern Indian
state of Kerala, experiences seasonal variations that affect the best time to visit the park. The park is located in the Western Ghats, a mountain range that
runs parallel to the west coast of India, and the weather is influenced by the
monsoon winds that blow over the region.
The best time to visit the Eravikulam National Park is from
September to November and from April to June, which is the period when the
weather is most favorable. During this time, the park is lush green and at its
most picturesque, and visitors can witness the stunning beauty of the park’s
flora and fauna.
During the winter months of December to February, the
weather is cold and misty, and the park experiences heavy rainfall. This
weather condition can sometimes make it difficult to access the park and can
also affect the visibility of the flora and fauna.
The monsoon season from July to September brings heavy
rainfall and high humidity to the park. Landslides and flooding are common
during this time, and the park is usually closed for visitors due to safety
concerns.
The best time to visit the Eravikulam
National Park is during the months of September to November and from April to
June, which is when the weather is mild, and the park is at its most
picturesque. Visitors should avoid visiting during the monsoon season and the
winter months when the park experiences heavy rainfall and misty conditions.
Monsoon Season
The monsoon season in the Eravikulam National Park, which
lasts from July to September, can be a challenging time to visit due to the
heavy rainfall and high humidity that the park experiences during this period.
The park usually remains closed during this time, as the monsoon season brings
a high risk of landslides and flooding, making it unsafe for visitors.
The monsoon season can also impact the visibility of the
park’s flora and fauna, as the heavy rainfall and misty conditions can make it
difficult to spot animals and appreciate the park’s natural beauty. However,
for those who are willing to brave the weather conditions, the monsoon season
can be an opportunity to witness the park’s lush greenery in full bloom, with
the vibrant green hues of the forest and the misty clouds providing a unique
atmosphere.
Visitors should be aware that during the monsoon season,
some of the park’s popular activities, such as trekking and hiking, are not
allowed due to safety concerns. However, the park’s scenic beauty can still be
enjoyed from the designated viewpoints and safari tours that operate during
this season.
In conclusion, while the monsoon season can be a challenging
time to visit the Eravikulam National Park, it also provides a unique
opportunity to witness the park’s lush greenery and experience a different
atmosphere. Visitors should be aware of the safety concerns and restrictions
during this season and plan their trip accordingly.
Winter Season
The winter season in Eravikulam National Park lasts from
November to January and offers an ideal time to visit for those looking to
explore the park’s flora and fauna without being hindered by the summer heat or
monsoon rains. During the winter season, the park’s temperature ranges from a
comfortable 10°C to 25°C, making it a pleasant time to explore the park’s
trails and trekking routes.
One of the major attractions of the winter season is the blooming
of the Neelakurinji flowers, which only blooms once every 12 years. The park’s
hills and valleys transform into a beautiful shade of purple as the
Neelakurinji flowers bloom, making it a popular time to visit for nature
enthusiasts and photographers.
The winter season also provides an ideal time for wildlife
sightings, as the animals venture out in search of food and water. Visitors can
spot animals such as Nilgiri Tahr, Indian bison, and Sambar deer grazing in the
park’s grasslands and forests.
It is important to note that the winter season is also a
peak tourist season, and the park can get crowded during this time. Visitors
should plan their trip in advance and book accommodations and activities well
ahead of time to avoid any inconvenience.
The winter season provides an ideal time to
visit Eravikulam National Park, with pleasant weather conditions and unique
attractions such as the blooming of the Neelakurinji flowers. Visitors should
plan their trip in advance to avoid any inconvenience and make the most of
their experience.
How to Reach Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is located in the Idukki district
of Kerala and is easily accessible by road, rail, and air. Here’s how to reachEravikulam National Park:
By Road:
Eravikulam National Park is well connected by road to major
cities in Kerala such as Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, and Kottayam. The park is
located approximately 15 km from Munnar and can be reached by hiring a taxi or
taking a bus. State-run buses also operate from major cities to Munnar.
By Rail:
The nearest railway station to Eravikulam National Park is
Aluva Railway Station, which is approximately 120 km away. Another nearby
railway station is the Ernakulam Junction, which is approximately 130 km away.
From the railway station, visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach
Munnar and then take a local taxi or bus to reach the park.
By Air:
The nearest airport to Eravikulam National Park is Cochin
International Airport, which is approximately 110 km away. From the airport,
visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Munnar and then take a local
taxi or bus to reach the park.
Once visitors reach the park, they can explore it on foot or
take a guided tour. It is important to note that private vehicles are not
allowed inside the park, and visitors are required to park their vehicles in
the designated parking area and take a park vehicle to explore the park.
In conclusion, Eravikulam National Park is easily accessible
by road, rail, and air, and visitors can choose the mode of transport that
suits them best. Once visitors reach the park, they can explore it on foot or
take a guided tour, making it an ideal destination for nature enthusiasts and
wildlife lovers.
Accommodation Facilities in Eravikulam National Park
Forest Rest House
Eravikulam National Park is a popular tourist destination in
Kerala, and there are several accommodation options available for visitors who
wish to stay near the park. One of the most popular accommodation facilities is
the Forest Rest House.
The Forest Rest House is located inside the park and offers
visitors a unique opportunity to stay amidst the wilderness of the national
park. The rest house is equipped with basic amenities such as comfortable beds,
clean linen, and attached bathrooms. Visitors can also enjoy the scenic beauty
of the park from the rest house, as it is situated amidst lush greenery and
offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains.
The Forest Rest House is a perfect option for those who wish
to explore the park at their own pace and have a more immersive experience of
the park’s flora and fauna. It is recommended that visitors make prior bookings
for the Forest Rest House, as it is often fully booked, especially during the
peak season.
Apart from the Forest Rest House, there are several other
accommodation options available in the nearby town of Munnar, ranging from
budget-friendly guesthouses to luxury resorts. Visitors can choose an option
that suits their budget and preferences.
The Forest Rest House is a unique and popular
accommodation option in Eravikulam National Park. Visitors can enjoy the beauty
of the park and have an immersive experience of the wilderness while staying at
the Forest Rest House. However, visitors should make prior bookings to ensure
availability.
Luxury Resorts
Eravikulam National Park in Kerala is a popular tourist
destination, and there are several accommodation options available for visitors
who wish to stay near the park. For those who want to enjoy the lush beauty of
the park in a more luxurious setting, there are several high-end resorts in the
vicinity.
The luxury resorts near the park offer top-notch amenities
and services to guests, such as fine dining, swimming pools, spas, and
recreational activities. Some resorts even offer guided nature walks and
birdwatching tours in the park. The resorts are designed to provide guests with
a comfortable and relaxing stay amidst the serene and picturesque natural
surroundings.
Some of the most popular luxury resorts near the park
include the Windermere Estate, the Tea County Munnar, and the Club MahindraMunnar. These resorts offer a wide range of accommodation options, including
villas, cottages, and suites, to suit the preferences and budgets of guests.
However, it is worth noting that the luxury resorts tend to
be more expensive than other accommodation options in the area. Visitors who
want to stay at these resorts are advised to make reservations in advance to
ensure availability, especially during the peak tourist season.
The luxury resorts near Eravikulam NationalPark offer visitors a comfortable and luxurious stay amidst the natural beauty
of the park. While they may be more expensive than other accommodation options,
they provide guests with an unforgettable experience of the park and the
surrounding area.
Do’s and Don’ts at Eravikulam National Park
Eravikulam National Park is a protected area that is home to
a wide variety of flora and fauna, including the endangered Nilgiri Tahr. While
visiting the park, it is important to follow certain rules and regulations to
ensure the conservation of the ecosystem and the safety of visitors.
Do’s:
- Carry a valid entry ticket or permit to enter the park.
- Wear appropriate clothing and footwear for the terrain and
weather conditions. - Stay on designated trails and paths while exploring the
park. - Keep the park clean and avoid littering or disturbing the
natural environment. - Respect the wildlife and maintain a safe distance from
animals to avoid disturbing them. - Listen to and follow the instructions of the park rangers
and guides. - Bring a camera and capture the beautiful scenery and
wildlife in the park.
Don’ts:
- Do not feed the animals or disturb their natural habitats.
- Do not carry plastic bags or other non-biodegradable
materials into the park. - Do not smoke or light fires in the park.
- Do not make loud noises or play loud music in the park, as
it may disturb the wildlife and other visitors. - Do not damage or remove any plants, rocks, or other natural
resources in the park. - Do not venture into restricted areas or zones that are
off-limits to visitors.
By following these do’s and don’ts, visitors can ensure that
they have a safe and enjoyable experience while also preserving the natural
beauty and wildlife of Eravikulam National Park for future generations to
enjoy.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Eravikulam National
Park
Q. What is the entry fee for Eravikulam National Park?
A. The entry fee for Eravikulam National Park is INR 120 per
person for Indians and INR 400 per person for foreigners.
Q. Is it safe to visit Eravikulam National Park?
A. Yes, it is safe to visit Eravikulam National Park. The
park authorities take all the necessary measures to ensure the safety of
visitors.
Q. Can we trek inside the park?
A. Yes
Q. Can we trek inside the park?
A. Yes, the park offers trekking trails that are suitable
for visitors of all fitness levels. Visitors can explore the park’s
breathtaking landscapes while trekking.
Q. Is it allowed to bring food inside the park?
A. No, visitors are not allowed to bring food inside the
park. However, there are canteens and restaurants inside the park where
visitors can purchase food.
Q. Is photography allowed inside the park?
A. Yes, photography is allowed inside the park. However,
visitors are not allowed to use flash while clicking pictures.
Conclusion
Eravikulam National Park is an incredible destination to
explore nature’s wonders. The park’s stunning landscapes, rich biodiversity,
and rare flora and fauna make it an ideal destination for nature lovers,
wildlife enthusiasts, and adventure seekers. The park offers a range of
activities, including trekking, bird watching, and sightseeing. If you’re
planning a visit to Kerala, make sure to include Eravikulam National Park in
your itinerary.
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